diff --git a/spec/factories/budgets.rb b/spec/factories/budgets.rb
index d73a13b51..2247b82f3 100644
--- a/spec/factories/budgets.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/budgets.rb
@@ -183,6 +183,12 @@ FactoryBot.define do
     trait :with_image do
       after(:create) { |investment| create(:image, imageable: investment) }
     end
+
+    transient { voters { [] } }
+
+    after(:create) do |investment, evaluator|
+      evaluator.voters.each { |voter| create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: voter) }
+    end
   end
 
   factory :budget_phase, class: "Budget::Phase" do
diff --git a/spec/factories/comments.rb b/spec/factories/comments.rb
index 368579902..1127836d5 100644
--- a/spec/factories/comments.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/comments.rb
@@ -35,5 +35,11 @@ FactoryBot.define do
         valuation.commentable.valuators << valuator
       end
     end
+
+    transient { voters { [] } }
+
+    after(:create) do |comment, evaluator|
+      evaluator.voters.each { |voter| create(:vote, votable: comment, voter: voter) }
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/debates.rb b/spec/factories/debates.rb
index 671c0235b..3293df786 100644
--- a/spec/factories/debates.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/debates.rb
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ FactoryBot.define do
         4.times { create(:vote, votable: debate) }
       end
     end
+
+    transient { voters { [] } }
+
+    after(:create) do |debate, evaluator|
+      evaluator.voters.each { |voter| create(:vote, votable: debate, voter: voter) }
+    end
   end
 
   factory :flag do
diff --git a/spec/factories/proposals.rb b/spec/factories/proposals.rb
index 1f6faec63..7999c4a46 100644
--- a/spec/factories/proposals.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/proposals.rb
@@ -78,6 +78,12 @@ FactoryBot.define do
       after(:create) { |proposal| create(:image, imageable: proposal) }
     end
 
+    transient { voters { [] } }
+
+    after(:create) do |proposal, evaluator|
+      evaluator.voters.each { |voter| create(:vote, votable: proposal, voter: voter) }
+    end
+
     factory :retired_proposal, traits: [:retired]
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/factories/users.rb b/spec/factories/users.rb
index 880afce96..d3b7ef172 100644
--- a/spec/factories/users.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/users.rb
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ FactoryBot.define do
     trait :with_comment do
       after(:create) { |user| create(:comment, author: user) }
     end
+
+    transient { votables { [] } }
+
+    after(:create) do |user, evaluator|
+      evaluator.votables.each { |votable| create(:vote, votable: votable, voter: user) }
+    end
   end
 
   factory :identity do
diff --git a/spec/features/admin/stats_spec.rb b/spec/features/admin/stats_spec.rb
index 4f5dcf0b5..a6e49fbcd 100644
--- a/spec/features/admin/stats_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/admin/stats_spec.rb
@@ -25,14 +25,9 @@ describe "Stats" do
     end
 
     scenario "Votes" do
-      debate = create(:debate)
-      create(:vote, votable: debate)
-
-      proposal = create(:proposal)
-      2.times { create(:vote, votable: proposal) }
-
-      comment = create(:comment)
-      3.times { create(:vote, votable: comment) }
+      create(:debate,   voters: Array.new(1) { create(:user) })
+      create(:proposal, voters: Array.new(2) { create(:user) })
+      create(:comment,  voters: Array.new(3) { create(:user) })
 
       visit admin_stats_path
 
@@ -113,11 +108,9 @@ describe "Stats" do
 
       scenario "Number of supports in investment projects" do
         group_2 = create(:budget_group, budget: @budget)
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment, heading: create(:budget_heading, group: group_2))
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment, heading: @heading_all_city)
 
-        1.times { create(:vote, votable: investment1) }
-        2.times { create(:vote, votable: investment2) }
+        create(:budget_investment, heading: create(:budget_heading, group: group_2), voters: [create(:user)])
+        create(:budget_investment, heading: @heading_all_city, voters: [create(:user), create(:user)])
 
         visit admin_stats_path
         click_link "Participatory Budgets"
@@ -129,17 +122,13 @@ describe "Stats" do
       end
 
       scenario "Number of users that have supported an investment project" do
-        user1 = create(:user, :level_two)
-        user2 = create(:user, :level_two)
-        user3 = create(:user, :level_two)
-
         group_2 = create(:budget_group, budget: @budget)
         investment1 = create(:budget_investment, heading: create(:budget_heading, group: group_2))
         investment2 = create(:budget_investment, heading: @heading_all_city)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: investment1, voter: user1)
-        create(:vote, votable: investment1, voter: user2)
-        create(:vote, votable: investment2, voter: user1)
+        create(:user, :level_two, votables: [investment1, investment2])
+        create(:user, :level_two, votables: [investment1])
+        create(:user, :level_two)
 
         visit admin_stats_path
         click_link "Participatory Budgets"
@@ -160,13 +149,9 @@ describe "Stats" do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: group_districts)
         barajas     = create(:budget_heading, group: group_districts)
 
-        all_city_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: all_city)
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
-
-        Budget::Investment.all.each do |investment|
-          create(:vote, votable: investment)
-        end
+        create(:budget_investment, heading: all_city, voters: [create(:user)])
+        create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [create(:user)])
+        create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [create(:user)])
 
         visit admin_stats_path
         click_link "Participatory Budgets"
diff --git a/spec/features/budgets/investments_spec.rb b/spec/features/budgets/investments_spec.rb
index 074e4a5cb..f335ffafe 100644
--- a/spec/features/budgets/investments_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/budgets/investments_spec.rb
@@ -789,11 +789,8 @@ describe "Budget Investments" do
 
       per_page.times { create(:budget_investment, heading: heading) }
 
-      voted_investments = []
-      per_page.times do
-        investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
-        create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: voter)
-        voted_investments << investment
+      voted_investments = Array.new(per_page) do
+        create(:budget_investment, heading: heading, voters: [voter])
       end
 
       login_as(voter)
@@ -1354,11 +1351,9 @@ describe "Budget Investments" do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
         salamanca   = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
 
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
+        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [author])
         salamanca_investment   = create(:budget_investment, heading: salamanca)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: carabanchel_investment, voter: author)
-
         login_as(author)
         visit budget_investments_path(budget, heading_id: carabanchel.id)
 
@@ -1374,11 +1369,9 @@ describe "Budget Investments" do
         another_heading1 = create(:budget_heading, group: group2)
         another_heading2 = create(:budget_heading, group: group2)
 
-        heading_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
+        heading_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading, voters: [author])
         another_group_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: another_heading1)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: heading_investment, voter: author)
-
         login_as(author)
         visit budget_investments_path(budget, heading_id: another_heading1.id)
 
@@ -1417,8 +1410,7 @@ describe "Budget Investments" do
     end
 
     scenario "Sidebar in show should display support text and count" do
-      investment = create(:budget_investment, :selected, budget: budget)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment)
+      investment = create(:budget_investment, :selected, budget: budget, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       visit budget_investment_path(budget, investment)
 
@@ -1429,8 +1421,7 @@ describe "Budget Investments" do
     end
 
     scenario "Index should display support count" do
-      investment = create(:budget_investment, budget: budget, heading: heading)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment)
+      investment = create(:budget_investment, budget: budget, heading: heading, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       visit budget_investments_path(budget, heading_id: heading.id)
 
@@ -1440,8 +1431,7 @@ describe "Budget Investments" do
     end
 
     scenario "Show should display support text and count" do
-      investment = create(:budget_investment, budget: budget, heading: heading)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment)
+      investment = create(:budget_investment, budget: budget, heading: heading, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       visit budget_investment_path(budget, investment)
 
diff --git a/spec/features/budgets/votes_spec.rb b/spec/features/budgets/votes_spec.rb
index 9e004ddf5..2134de1da 100644
--- a/spec/features/budgets/votes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/budgets/votes_spec.rb
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ describe "Votes" do
     describe "Index" do
 
       scenario "Index shows user votes on proposals" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
+        investment1 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading, voters: [manuela])
         investment2 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
         investment3 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
-        create(:vote, voter: manuela, votable: investment1, vote_flag: true)
 
         visit budget_investments_path(budget, heading_id: heading.id)
 
diff --git a/spec/features/debates_spec.rb b/spec/features/debates_spec.rb
index 4865b174c..7da3ef88c 100644
--- a/spec/features/debates_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/debates_spec.rb
@@ -305,9 +305,8 @@ describe "Debates" do
   end
 
   scenario "Update should not be posible if debate is not editable" do
-    debate = create(:debate)
     Setting["max_votes_for_debate_edit"] = 2
-    3.times { create(:vote, votable: debate) }
+    debate = create(:debate, voters: Array.new(3) { create(:user) })
 
     expect(debate).not_to be_editable
     login_as(debate.author)
diff --git a/spec/features/emails_spec.rb b/spec/features/emails_spec.rb
index 7fa9e8f51..127c87bb5 100644
--- a/spec/features/emails_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/emails_spec.rb
@@ -258,13 +258,10 @@ describe "Emails" do
     scenario "notifications for proposals that I have supported" do
       user = create(:user, email_digest: true)
 
-      proposal1 = create(:proposal)
-      proposal2 = create(:proposal)
+      proposal1 = create(:proposal, voters: [user])
+      proposal2 = create(:proposal, voters: [user])
       proposal3 = create(:proposal)
 
-      create(:vote, votable: proposal1, voter: user)
-      create(:vote, votable: proposal2, voter: user)
-
       reset_mailer
 
       notification1 = create_proposal_notification(proposal1)
diff --git a/spec/features/proposal_notifications_spec.rb b/spec/features/proposal_notifications_spec.rb
index b239f9451..ca8b92b37 100644
--- a/spec/features/proposal_notifications_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/proposal_notifications_spec.rb
@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
   scenario "Send a notification (Active voter)" do
     proposal = create(:proposal)
 
-    voter = create(:user, :level_two)
-    create(:vote, voter: voter, votable: proposal)
-
+    create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
     create_proposal_notification(proposal)
 
     expect(Notification.count).to eq(1)
@@ -49,11 +47,10 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
   end
 
   scenario "Send a notification (Follower and Voter)" do
-    proposal = create(:proposal)
-
     user_voter_follower = create(:user)
+    proposal = create(:proposal, voters: [user_voter_follower])
+
     create(:follow, :followed_proposal, user: user_voter_follower, followable: proposal)
-    create(:vote, voter: user_voter_follower, votable: proposal)
 
     user_follower = create(:user)
     create(:follow, :followed_proposal, user: user_follower, followable: proposal)
@@ -65,11 +62,9 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
 
   scenario "Send a notification (Blocked voter)" do
     proposal = create(:proposal)
+    voter = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
 
-    voter = create(:user, :level_two)
-    create(:vote, voter: voter, votable: proposal)
     voter.block
-
     create_proposal_notification(proposal)
 
     expect(Notification.count).to eq(0)
@@ -77,11 +72,9 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
 
   scenario "Send a notification (Erased voter)" do
     proposal = create(:proposal)
+    voter = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
 
-    voter = create(:user, :level_two)
-    create(:vote, voter: voter, votable: proposal)
     voter.erase
-
     create_proposal_notification(proposal)
 
     expect(Notification.count).to eq(0)
@@ -153,11 +146,10 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
 
   scenario "Message about receivers (Same Followers and Voters)" do
     author = create(:user)
-    proposal = create(:proposal, author: author)
-
     user_voter_follower = create(:user)
+    proposal = create(:proposal, author: author, voters: [user_voter_follower])
+
     create(:follow, :followed_proposal, user: user_voter_follower, followable: proposal)
-    create(:vote, voter: user_voter_follower, votable: proposal)
 
     login_as(author)
     visit new_proposal_notification_path(proposal_id: proposal.id)
@@ -208,15 +200,11 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
 
     scenario "Voters should receive a notification", :js do
       author = create(:user)
-
-      user1 = create(:user)
-      user2 = create(:user)
-      user3 = create(:user)
-
       proposal = create(:proposal, author: author)
 
-      create(:vote, voter: user1, votable: proposal, vote_flag: true)
-      create(:vote, voter: user2, votable: proposal, vote_flag: true)
+      user1 = create(:user, votables: [proposal])
+      user2 = create(:user, votables: [proposal])
+      user3 = create(:user)
 
       login_as(author)
       visit root_path
@@ -322,10 +310,7 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
     scenario "Proposal hidden", :js do
       author = create(:user)
       user = create(:user)
-
-      proposal = create(:proposal, author: author)
-
-      create(:vote, voter: user, votable: proposal, vote_flag: true)
+      proposal = create(:proposal, author: author, voters: [user])
 
       login_as(author)
       visit root_path
@@ -357,10 +342,7 @@ describe "Proposal Notifications" do
     scenario "Proposal retired by author", :js do
       author = create(:user)
       user = create(:user)
-
-      proposal = create(:proposal, author: author)
-
-      create(:vote, voter: user, votable: proposal, vote_flag: true)
+      proposal = create(:proposal, author: author, voters: [user])
 
       login_as(author)
       visit root_path
diff --git a/spec/features/proposals_spec.rb b/spec/features/proposals_spec.rb
index 8cc3a8561..4d080c360 100644
--- a/spec/features/proposals_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/proposals_spec.rb
@@ -637,9 +637,8 @@ describe "Proposals" do
   end
 
   scenario "Update should not be posible if proposal is not editable" do
-    proposal = create(:proposal)
-    Setting["max_votes_for_proposal_edit"] = 10
-    11.times { create(:vote, votable: proposal) }
+    Setting["max_votes_for_proposal_edit"] = 3
+    proposal = create(:proposal, voters: Array.new(4) { create(:user) })
 
     expect(proposal).not_to be_editable
 
diff --git a/spec/features/stats_spec.rb b/spec/features/stats_spec.rb
index c28dec444..5c35e2eb6 100644
--- a/spec/features/stats_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/stats_spec.rb
@@ -19,14 +19,9 @@ describe "Stats" do
     end
 
     scenario "Votes" do
-      debate = create(:debate)
-      create(:vote, votable: debate)
-
-      proposal = create(:proposal)
-      2.times { create(:vote, votable: proposal) }
-
-      comment = create(:comment)
-      3.times { create(:vote, votable: comment) }
+      create(:debate,   voters: Array.new(1) { create(:user) })
+      create(:proposal, voters: Array.new(2) { create(:user) })
+      create(:comment,  voters: Array.new(3) { create(:user) })
 
       visit stats_path
 
diff --git a/spec/features/votes_spec.rb b/spec/features/votes_spec.rb
index 910be6ac1..827eef4ac 100644
--- a/spec/features/votes_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/votes_spec.rb
@@ -188,10 +188,9 @@ describe "Votes" do
     before { login_as(@manuela) }
 
     scenario "Index shows user votes on proposals" do
-      proposal1 = create(:proposal)
+      proposal1 = create(:proposal, voters: [@manuela])
       proposal2 = create(:proposal)
       proposal3 = create(:proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: @manuela, votable: proposal1, vote_flag: true)
 
       visit proposals_path
 
diff --git a/spec/lib/graphql_spec.rb b/spec/lib/graphql_spec.rb
index b10b854b0..1731f4ae6 100644
--- a/spec/lib/graphql_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/graphql_spec.rb
@@ -189,8 +189,7 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "returns nested votes for a proposal" do
-      proposal = create(:proposal)
-      2.times { create(:vote, votable: proposal) }
+      proposal = create(:proposal, voters: [create(:user), create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ proposal(id: #{proposal.id}) { votes_for { edges { node { public_created_at } } } } }")
 
@@ -535,15 +534,10 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
   describe "Votes" do
 
     it "only returns votes from proposals, debates and comments" do
-      proposal = create(:proposal)
-      debate   = create(:debate)
-      comment  = create(:comment)
-      budget_investment = create(:budget_investment)
-
-      proposal_vote = create(:vote, votable: proposal)
-      debate_vote   = create(:vote, votable: debate)
-      comment_vote  = create(:vote, votable: comment)
-      budget_investment_vote = create(:vote, votable: budget_investment)
+      create(:proposal, voters: [create(:user)])
+      create(:debate, voters: [create(:user)])
+      create(:comment, voters: [create(:user)])
+      create(:budget_investment, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_type } } } }")
       received_votables = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_type")
@@ -552,11 +546,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "does not include votes from hidden debates" do
-      visible_debate = create(:debate)
-      hidden_debate  = create(:debate, :hidden)
-
-      visible_debate_vote = create(:vote, votable: visible_debate)
-      hidden_debate_vote  = create(:vote, votable: hidden_debate)
+      visible_debate = create(:debate, voters: [create(:user)])
+      hidden_debate  = create(:debate, :hidden, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_debates = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -565,11 +556,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "does not include votes of hidden proposals" do
-      visible_proposal = create(:proposal)
-      hidden_proposal  = create(:proposal, :hidden)
-
-      visible_proposal_vote = create(:vote, votable: visible_proposal)
-      hidden_proposal_vote  = create(:vote, votable: hidden_proposal)
+      visible_proposal = create(:proposal, voters: [create(:user)])
+      hidden_proposal  = create(:proposal, :hidden, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_proposals = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -578,11 +566,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "does not include votes of hidden comments" do
-      visible_comment = create(:comment)
-      hidden_comment  = create(:comment, :hidden)
-
-      visible_comment_vote = create(:vote, votable: visible_comment)
-      hidden_comment_vote  = create(:vote, votable: hidden_comment)
+      visible_comment = create(:comment, voters: [create(:user)])
+      hidden_comment  = create(:comment, :hidden, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_comments = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -594,11 +579,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
       visible_proposal = create(:proposal)
       hidden_proposal  = create(:proposal, :hidden)
 
-      visible_proposal_comment = create(:comment, commentable: visible_proposal)
-      hidden_proposal_comment  = create(:comment, commentable: hidden_proposal)
-
-      visible_proposal_comment_vote = create(:vote, votable: visible_proposal_comment)
-      hidden_proposal_comment_vote  = create(:vote, votable: hidden_proposal_comment)
+      visible_proposal_comment = create(:comment, commentable: visible_proposal, voters: [create(:user)])
+      hidden_proposal_comment  = create(:comment, commentable: hidden_proposal, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_votables = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -610,11 +592,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
       visible_debate = create(:debate)
       hidden_debate  = create(:debate, :hidden)
 
-      visible_debate_comment = create(:comment, commentable: visible_debate)
-      hidden_debate_comment  = create(:comment, commentable: hidden_debate)
-
-      visible_debate_comment_vote = create(:vote, votable: visible_debate_comment)
-      hidden_debate_comment_vote  = create(:vote, votable: hidden_debate_comment)
+      visible_debate_comment = create(:comment, commentable: visible_debate, voters: [create(:user)])
+      hidden_debate_comment  = create(:comment, commentable: hidden_debate, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_votables = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -623,10 +602,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "does not include votes of debates that are not public" do
-      not_public_debate = create(:debate)
       allow(Vote).to receive(:public_for_api).and_return([])
-
-      not_public_debate_vote = create(:vote, votable: not_public_debate)
+      not_public_debate = create(:debate, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_votables = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -635,10 +612,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "does not include votes of a hidden proposals" do
-      not_public_proposal = create(:proposal)
       allow(Vote).to receive(:public_for_api).and_return([])
-
-      not_public_proposal_vote = create(:vote, votable: not_public_proposal)
+      not_public_proposal = create(:proposal, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_votables = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
@@ -647,10 +622,8 @@ describe "Consul Schema" do
     end
 
     it "does not include votes of a hidden comments" do
-      not_public_comment = create(:comment)
       allow(Vote).to receive(:public_for_api).and_return([])
-
-      not_public_comment_vote = create(:vote, votable: not_public_comment)
+      not_public_comment = create(:comment, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       response = execute("{ votes { edges { node { votable_id } } } }")
       received_votables = extract_fields(response, "votes", "votable_id")
diff --git a/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb b/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb
index ebd984d15..e03d030c1 100644
--- a/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb
@@ -748,11 +748,9 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
         salamanca   = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
 
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
+        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [user])
         salamanca_investment   = create(:budget_investment, heading: salamanca)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: carabanchel_investment, voter: user)
-
         expect(salamanca_investment.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(false)
       end
 
@@ -762,11 +760,9 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
         salamanca   = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
 
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
+        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [user])
         salamanca_investment   = create(:budget_investment, heading: salamanca)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: carabanchel_investment, voter: user)
-
         expect(salamanca_investment.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(true)
       end
 
@@ -776,11 +772,8 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
         salamanca   = create(:budget_heading, group: group)
 
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
-        salamanca_investment   = create(:budget_investment, heading: salamanca)
-
-        create(:vote, votable: carabanchel_investment, voter: user)
-        create(:vote, votable: salamanca_investment, voter: user)
+        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [user])
+        salamanca_investment   = create(:budget_investment, heading: salamanca, voters: [user])
 
         expect(carabanchel_investment.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(true)
         expect(salamanca_investment.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(true)
@@ -792,11 +785,9 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
       end
 
       it "allows votes in a group with a single heading after voting in that heading" do
-        all_city_investment1 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
+        all_city_investment1 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading, voters: [user])
         all_city_investment2 = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: all_city_investment1, voter: user)
-
         expect(all_city_investment2.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(true)
       end
 
@@ -805,9 +796,7 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: districts)
 
         all_city_investment    = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
-        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
-
-        create(:vote, votable: carabanchel_investment, voter: user)
+        carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel, voters: [user])
 
         expect(all_city_investment.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(true)
       end
@@ -817,11 +806,9 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
         carabanchel = create(:budget_heading, group: districts)
         salamanca   = create(:budget_heading, group: districts)
 
-        all_city_investment    = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)
+        all_city_investment    = create(:budget_investment, heading: heading, voters: [user])
         carabanchel_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: carabanchel)
 
-        create(:vote, votable: all_city_investment, voter: user)
-
         expect(carabanchel_investment.valid_heading?(user)).to eq(true)
       end
 
@@ -929,9 +916,8 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
 
   describe "#with_supports" do
     it "returns proposals with supports" do
-      inv1 = create(:budget_investment)
+      inv1 = create(:budget_investment, voters: [create(:user)])
       inv2 = create(:budget_investment)
-      create(:vote, votable: inv1)
 
       expect(Budget::Investment.with_supports).to eq [inv1]
       expect(Budget::Investment.with_supports).not_to include(inv2)
diff --git a/spec/models/budget/stats_spec.rb b/spec/models/budget/stats_spec.rb
index b93514f64..c651da02d 100644
--- a/spec/models/budget/stats_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/budget/stats_spec.rb
@@ -6,21 +6,17 @@ describe Budget::Stats do
   let(:investment) { create(:budget_investment, :selected, budget: budget) }
 
   describe "#participants" do
-    let(:author) { investment.author }
-    let(:author_and_voter) { create(:user, :hidden) }
-    let(:voter) { create(:user) }
-    let(:voter_and_balloter) { create(:user) }
-    let(:balloter) { create(:user, :hidden) }
-    let(:poll_balloter) { create(:user, :level_two) }
-    let(:non_participant) { create(:user, :level_two) }
+    let!(:author) { investment.author }
+    let!(:author_and_voter) { create(:user, :hidden, votables: [investment]) }
+    let!(:voter) { create(:user, votables: [investment]) }
+    let!(:voter_and_balloter) { create(:user, votables: [investment]) }
+    let!(:balloter) { create(:user, :hidden) }
+    let!(:poll_balloter) { create(:user, :level_two) }
+    let!(:non_participant) { create(:user, :level_two) }
 
     before do
       create(:budget_investment, :selected, budget: budget, author: author_and_voter)
 
-      create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: author_and_voter)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: voter)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: voter_and_balloter)
-
       create(:budget_ballot_line, investment: investment, user: balloter)
       create(:budget_ballot_line, investment: investment, user: voter_and_balloter)
 
@@ -46,8 +42,7 @@ describe Budget::Stats do
     end
 
     it "counts a user who is voter and balloter" do
-      voter_and_balloter = create(:user)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: voter_and_balloter)
+      voter_and_balloter = create(:user, votables: [investment])
       create(:budget_ballot_line, investment: investment, user: voter_and_balloter)
 
       expect(stats.total_participants_support_phase).to be 1
@@ -63,8 +58,7 @@ describe Budget::Stats do
     end
 
     it "counts a user who is voter and balloter" do
-      voter_and_balloter = create(:user)
-      create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: voter_and_balloter)
+      voter_and_balloter = create(:user, votables: [investment])
       create(:budget_ballot_line, investment: investment, user: voter_and_balloter)
 
       expect(stats.total_participants_vote_phase).to be 1
diff --git a/spec/models/proposal_spec.rb b/spec/models/proposal_spec.rb
index f37f6aad3..61060f228 100644
--- a/spec/models/proposal_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/proposal_spec.rb
@@ -442,24 +442,19 @@ describe Proposal do
 
     it "returns users that have voted for the proposal" do
       proposal = create(:proposal)
-      voter1 = create(:user, :level_two)
-      voter2 = create(:user, :level_two)
+      voter1 = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
+      voter2 = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
       voter3 = create(:user, :level_two)
 
-      create(:vote, voter: voter1, votable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: voter2, votable: proposal)
-
       expect(proposal.voters).to match_array [voter1, voter2]
       expect(proposal.voters).not_to include(voter3)
     end
 
     it "does not return users that have been erased" do
       proposal = create(:proposal)
-      voter1 = create(:user, :level_two)
-      voter2 = create(:user, :level_two)
+      voter1 = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
+      voter2 = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
 
-      create(:vote, voter: voter1, votable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: voter2, votable: proposal)
       voter2.erase
 
       expect(proposal.voters).to eq [voter1]
@@ -467,11 +462,9 @@ describe Proposal do
 
     it "does not return users that have been blocked" do
       proposal = create(:proposal)
-      voter1 = create(:user, :level_two)
-      voter2 = create(:user, :level_two)
+      voter1 = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
+      voter2 = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
 
-      create(:vote, voter: voter1, votable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: voter2, votable: proposal)
       voter2.block
 
       expect(proposal.voters).to eq [voter1]
@@ -920,32 +913,28 @@ describe Proposal do
 
     it "returns voters and followers" do
       proposal = create(:proposal)
-      voter = create(:user, :level_two)
+      voter = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
       follower = create(:user, :level_two)
       follow = create(:follow, user: follower, followable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: voter, votable: proposal)
 
       expect(proposal.users_to_notify).to eq([voter, follower])
     end
 
     it "returns voters and followers discarding duplicates" do
       proposal = create(:proposal)
-      voter_and_follower = create(:user, :level_two)
+      voter_and_follower = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
       follow = create(:follow, user: voter_and_follower, followable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: voter_and_follower, votable: proposal)
 
       expect(proposal.users_to_notify).to eq([voter_and_follower])
     end
 
     it "returns voters and followers except the proposal author" do
       author = create(:user, :level_two)
-      proposal = create(:proposal, author: author)
-      voter_and_follower = create(:user, :level_two)
+      proposal = create(:proposal, author: author, voters: [author])
+      voter_and_follower = create(:user, :level_two, votables: [proposal])
 
       create(:follow, user: author, followable: proposal)
       create(:follow, user: voter_and_follower, followable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: author, votable: proposal)
-      create(:vote, voter: voter_and_follower, votable: proposal)
 
       expect(proposal.users_to_notify).to eq([voter_and_follower])
     end
@@ -1014,9 +1003,8 @@ describe Proposal do
     end
 
     it "does not return already supported proposals" do
-      proposal1 = create(:proposal, tag_list: "Health")
+      proposal1 = create(:proposal, tag_list: "Health", voters: [user])
       proposal2 = create(:proposal, tag_list: "Health")
-      create(:vote, votable: proposal1, voter: user)
       create(:follow, followable: proposal2, user: user)
 
       results = Proposal.recommendations(user)
diff --git a/spec/models/signature_spec.rb b/spec/models/signature_spec.rb
index f194f3d22..b237ded42 100644
--- a/spec/models/signature_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/signature_spec.rb
@@ -142,9 +142,8 @@ describe Signature do
       end
 
       it "does not assign vote to user if already voted" do
-        proposal = create(:proposal)
         user = create(:user, :level_two, document_number: "123A")
-        vote = create(:vote, votable: proposal, voter: user)
+        proposal = create(:proposal, voters: [user])
         signature_sheet = create(:signature_sheet, signable: proposal)
         signature = create(:signature, signature_sheet: signature_sheet, document_number: user.document_number)
 
@@ -154,9 +153,8 @@ describe Signature do
       end
 
       it "does not assign vote to user if already voted on budget investment" do
-        investment = create(:budget_investment)
         user = create(:user, :level_two, document_number: "123A")
-        vote = create(:vote, votable: investment, voter: user)
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, voters: [user])
 
         signature_sheet = create(:signature_sheet, signable: investment)
         signature = create(:signature, document_number: user.document_number, signature_sheet: signature_sheet)
diff --git a/spec/models/user_spec.rb b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
index ad66de9a5..1d94dc23e 100644
--- a/spec/models/user_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/user_spec.rb
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ describe User do
 
   describe "#headings_voted_within_group" do
     it "returns the headings voted by a user" do
-      user1 = create(:user)
-      user2 = create(:user)
-
       budget = create(:budget)
       group = create(:budget_group, budget: budget)
 
@@ -19,9 +16,8 @@ describe User do
       san_franciso_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: san_francisco)
       wyoming_investment = create(:budget_investment, heading: wyoming)
 
-      create(:vote, votable: wyoming_investment, voter: user1)
-      create(:vote, votable: san_franciso_investment, voter: user1)
-      create(:vote, votable: new_york_investment, voter: user1)
+      user1 = create(:user, votables: [wyoming_investment, san_franciso_investment, new_york_investment])
+      user2 = create(:user)
 
       expect(user1.headings_voted_within_group(group)).to match_array [new_york, san_francisco, wyoming]
       expect(user1.headings_voted_within_group(group)).not_to include(another_heading)
@@ -30,10 +26,9 @@ describe User do
     end
 
     it "returns headings with multiple translations only once" do
-      user = create(:user)
       group = create(:budget_group)
       heading = create(:budget_heading, group: group, name_en: "English", name_es: "Spanish")
-      create(:vote, votable: create(:budget_investment, heading: heading), voter: user)
+      user = create(:user, votables: [create(:budget_investment, heading: heading)])
 
       expect(user.headings_voted_within_group(group).count).to eq 1
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/vote_spec.rb b/spec/models/vote_spec.rb
index 742f860bf..6e55c9600 100644
--- a/spec/models/vote_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/vote_spec.rb
@@ -5,29 +5,26 @@ describe Vote do
   describe "#for_debates" do
     it "does not returns votes for other votables" do
       debate = create(:debate)
-      comment = create(:comment)
-      create(:vote, votable: comment)
+      create(:vote, votable: create(:comment))
 
       expect(Vote.for_debates(debate).count).to eq(0)
     end
 
     it "returns votes only for debates in parameters" do
-      debate1 = create(:debate)
+      debate1 = create(:debate, voters: [create(:user)])
       debate2 = create(:debate)
-      create(:vote, votable: debate1)
 
       expect(Vote.for_debates(debate1).count).to eq(1)
       expect(Vote.for_debates(debate2).count).to eq(0)
     end
 
     it "accepts more than 1 debate" do
-      debate1 = create(:debate)
+      debate1 = create(:debate, voters: [create(:user)])
       debate2 = create(:debate)
-      debate3 = create(:debate)
-      create(:vote, votable: debate1)
-      create(:vote, votable: debate3)
+      debate3 = create(:debate, voters: [create(:user)])
 
       expect(Vote.for_debates([debate1, debate2]).count).to eq(1)
+      expect(Vote.for_debates([debate1, debate3]).count).to eq(2)
     end
   end