Add and apply Style/SuperArguments rubocop rule

This rule was added in rubocop 1.64.0.

For clarity, in order to make it obvious that we're modifying the object
we received, we're excluding the Ahoy initializer, whose code was copied
from the Ahoy documentation.

We're also changing the `Types::BaseObject` class so we don't use a
variable with the same name as the parameter and we don't get a false
positive for this rule.

.rubocop.yml

@@ -796,6 +796,11 @@ Style/StringLiterals:
 Style/StringLiteralsInInterpolation:
   EnforcedStyle: double_quotes
 
+Style/SuperArguments:
+  Enabled: true
+  Exclude:
+    - "config/initializers/ahoy.rb"
+
 Style/SymbolProc:
   Enabled: true
   AllowedMethods: