diff --git a/spec/models/budget/heading_spec.rb b/spec/models/budget/heading_spec.rb
index 1d28f1720..73d623e7d 100644
--- a/spec/models/budget/heading_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/budget/heading_spec.rb
@@ -308,17 +308,25 @@ describe Budget::Heading do
 
   describe "scope allow_custom_content" do
     it "returns headings with allow_custom_content order by name" do
-      excluded_heading = create(:budget_heading, name: "Name A")
-      last_heading     = create(:budget_heading, allow_custom_content: true, name: "Name C")
-      first_heading    = create(:budget_heading, allow_custom_content: true, name: "Name B")
+      last_heading     = create(:budget_heading, allow_custom_content: true, name: "Name B")
+      first_heading    = create(:budget_heading, allow_custom_content: true, name: "Name A")
 
       expect(Budget::Heading.allow_custom_content).to eq [first_heading, last_heading]
     end
 
-    it "returns headings with multiple translations only once" do
-      create(:budget_heading, allow_custom_content: true, name_en: "English", name_es: "Spanish")
+    it "does not return headings which don't allow custom content" do
+      create(:budget_heading, name: "Name A")
 
-      expect(Budget::Heading.allow_custom_content.count).to eq 1
+      expect(Budget::Heading.allow_custom_content).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "returns headings with multiple translations only once" do
+      translated_heading = create(:budget_heading,
+                                  allow_custom_content: true,
+                                  name_en: "English",
+                                  name_es: "Spanish")
+
+      expect(Budget::Heading.allow_custom_content).to eq [translated_heading]
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb b/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb
index 5c00c8a5e..d1b1acf6d 100644
--- a/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/budget/investment_spec.rb
@@ -336,34 +336,53 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
   end
 
   describe "by_valuator" do
-    it "returns investments assigned to specific valuator" do
-      valuator1 = create(:valuator)
-      valuator2 = create(:valuator)
+    it "returns investments assigned to a valuator" do
+      alfred = create(:valuator)
+      batman = create(:valuator)
 
-      investment1 = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [valuator1])
-      investment2 = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [valuator2])
-      investment3 = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [valuator1, valuator2])
+      manor = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [alfred])
+      batcave = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [alfred, batman])
 
-      by_valuator = Budget::Investment.by_valuator(valuator1.id)
+      by_valuator = Budget::Investment.by_valuator(alfred)
 
-      expect(by_valuator).to match_array [investment1, investment3]
+      expect(by_valuator).to match_array [manor, batcave]
+    end
+
+    it "does not return investments assigned to a different valuator" do
+      jekyll = create(:valuator)
+      hyde = create(:valuator)
+
+      create(:budget_investment, valuators: [hyde])
+
+      by_valuator = Budget::Investment.by_valuator(jekyll)
+
+      expect(by_valuator).to be_empty
     end
   end
 
   describe "#by_valuator_group" do
+    let(:aquaman)        { create(:valuator) }
+    let(:justice_league) { create(:valuator_group, valuators: [aquaman]) }
 
     it "returns investments assigned to a valuator's group" do
-      valuator = create(:valuator)
-      valuator_group = create(:valuator_group, valuators: [valuator])
-      assigned_investment = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [valuator],
-                                                       valuator_groups: [valuator_group])
-      another_assigned_investment = create(:budget_investment, valuator_groups: [valuator_group])
-      unassigned_investment = create(:budget_investment, valuators: [valuator], valuator_groups: [])
-      create(:budget_investment, valuators: [valuator], valuator_groups: [create(:valuator_group)])
+      water_power = create(:budget_investment, valuator_groups: [justice_league], valuators: [aquaman])
+      solar_power = create(:budget_investment, valuator_groups: [justice_league])
 
-      by_valuator_group = Budget::Investment.by_valuator_group(valuator.valuator_group_id)
+      by_valuator_group = Budget::Investment.by_valuator_group(justice_league)
 
-      expect(by_valuator_group).to contain_exactly(assigned_investment, another_assigned_investment)
+      expect(by_valuator_group).to contain_exactly(solar_power, water_power)
+    end
+
+    it "does not return investments assigned to no groups" do
+      create(:budget_investment, valuators: [aquaman], valuator_groups: [])
+
+      expect(Budget::Investment.by_valuator_group(justice_league)).to be_empty
+    end
+
+    it "does not return investments assigned to a different group" do
+      create(:budget_investment, valuators: [aquaman], valuator_groups: [create(:valuator_group)])
+
+      expect(Budget::Investment.by_valuator_group(justice_league)).to be_empty
     end
   end
 
@@ -392,130 +411,199 @@ describe Budget::Investment do
 
   describe "scopes" do
     describe "valuation_open" do
-      it "returns all investments with false valuation_finished" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment, :finished)
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment)
+      it "returns investments with valuation open" do
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, valuation_finished: false)
 
-        valuation_open = Budget::Investment.valuation_open
-
-        expect(valuation_open).to eq [investment2]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "without_admin" do
-      it "returns all open investments without assigned admin" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment, :finished)
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator)
-        investment3 = create(:budget_investment)
-
-        without_admin = Budget::Investment.without_admin
-
-        expect(without_admin).to eq [investment3]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "managed" do
-      it "returns all open investments with assigned admin but without assigned valuators" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator, :with_valuator)
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator, :finished)
-        investment3 = create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator)
-
-        managed = Budget::Investment.managed
-
-        expect(managed).to eq [investment3]
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe "valuating" do
-      it "returns all investments with assigned valuator but valuation not finished" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment)
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment, :with_valuator)
-        investment3 = create(:budget_investment, :with_valuator, :finished)
-
-        valuating = Budget::Investment.valuating
-
-        expect(valuating).to eq [investment2]
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuation_open).to eq [investment]
       end
 
-      it "returns all investments with assigned valuator groups but valuation not finished" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment)
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment, valuator_groups: [create(:valuator_group)])
-        investment3 = create(:budget_investment, :finished, valuator_groups: [create(:valuator_group)])
+      it "does not return investments with valuation finished" do
+        create(:budget_investment, valuation_finished: true)
 
-        valuating = Budget::Investment.valuating
-
-        expect(valuating).to eq [investment2]
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuation_open).to be_empty
       end
     end
 
     describe "valuation_finished" do
-      it "returns all investments with valuation finished" do
-        investment1 = create(:budget_investment)
-        investment2 = create(:budget_investment, :with_valuator)
-        investment3 = create(:budget_investment, :with_valuator, :finished)
+      it "returns investments with valuation finished" do
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, valuation_finished: true)
 
-        valuation_finished = Budget::Investment.valuation_finished
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuation_finished).to eq [investment]
+      end
 
-        expect(valuation_finished).to eq [investment3]
+      it "does not return investments with valuation open" do
+        create(:budget_investment, valuation_finished: false)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuation_finished).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "without_admin" do
+      it "returns open investments without assigned admin" do
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, :open, administrator: nil)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.without_admin).to eq [investment]
+      end
+
+      it "does not return investments with valuation finished" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :finished)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.without_admin).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "does not return investment with an admin" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.without_admin).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "managed" do
+      it "returns open investments with assigned admin but without assigned valuators" do
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.managed).to eq [investment]
+      end
+
+      it "does not return investments without assigned admin" do
+        create(:budget_investment, administrator: nil)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.managed).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "does not return investments with assigned valuator" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator, :with_valuator)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.managed).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "does not return finished investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :with_administrator, :finished)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.managed).to be_empty
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "valuating" do
+      it "returns investments with assigned valuator but valuation not finished" do
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, :open, :with_valuator)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuating).to eq [investment]
+      end
+
+      it "returns investments with assigned valuator groups but valuation not finished" do
+        investment = create(:budget_investment, :open, valuator_groups: [create(:valuator_group)])
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuating).to eq [investment]
+      end
+
+      it "does not return investments with valuation finished" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :finished, :with_valuator)
+        create(:budget_investment, :finished, valuator_groups: [create(:valuator_group)])
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuating).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "does not return investments without valuator nor valuator group" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :open)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.valuating).to be_empty
       end
     end
 
     describe "feasible" do
-      it "returns all feasible investments" do
+      it "returns feasible investments" do
         feasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :feasible)
-        create(:budget_investment)
 
         expect(Budget::Investment.feasible).to eq [feasible_investment]
       end
+
+      it "does not return unfeasible nor undecided investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :undecided)
+        create(:budget_investment, :unfeasible)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.feasible).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
     describe "unfeasible" do
-      it "returns all unfeasible investments" do
+      it "returns unfeasible investments" do
         unfeasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unfeasible)
-        create(:budget_investment, :feasible)
 
         expect(Budget::Investment.unfeasible).to eq [unfeasible_investment]
       end
+
+      it "does not return feasible nor undecided investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :feasible)
+        create(:budget_investment, :undecided)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.unfeasible).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
     describe "not_unfeasible" do
-      it "returns all feasible and undecided investments" do
-        unfeasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unfeasible)
+      it "returns feasible and undecided investments" do
         undecided_investment = create(:budget_investment, :undecided)
         feasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :feasible)
 
         expect(Budget::Investment.not_unfeasible).to match_array [undecided_investment, feasible_investment]
       end
+
+      it "does not return unfeasible investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :unfeasible)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.not_unfeasible).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
     describe "undecided" do
-      it "returns all undecided investments" do
-        unfeasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unfeasible)
+      it "returns undecided investments" do
         undecided_investment = create(:budget_investment, :undecided)
-        feasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :feasible)
 
         expect(Budget::Investment.undecided).to eq [undecided_investment]
       end
+
+      it "does not return feasible nor unfeasible investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :feasible)
+        create(:budget_investment, :unfeasible)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.undecided).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
     describe "selected" do
-      it "returns all selected investments" do
+      it "returns selected investments" do
         selected_investment = create(:budget_investment, :selected)
-        unselected_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unselected)
 
         expect(Budget::Investment.selected).to eq [selected_investment]
       end
+
+      it "does not return unselected investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :unselected)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.selected).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
     describe "unselected" do
       it "returns all unselected not_unfeasible investments" do
-        selected_investment = create(:budget_investment, :selected)
-        unselected_unfeasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unselected, :unfeasible)
         unselected_undecided_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unselected, :undecided)
         unselected_feasible_investment = create(:budget_investment, :unselected, :feasible)
 
         expect(Budget::Investment.unselected).to match_array [unselected_undecided_investment, unselected_feasible_investment]
       end
+
+      it "does not return selected investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :selected)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.unselected).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "does not return unfeasible investments" do
+        create(:budget_investment, :unselected, :unfeasible)
+
+        expect(Budget::Investment.unselected).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
     describe "sort_by_title" do
diff --git a/spec/models/document_spec.rb b/spec/models/document_spec.rb
index 8caa59c7b..e4d601ecd 100644
--- a/spec/models/document_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/document_spec.rb
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ describe Document do
   it_behaves_like "document validations", "proposal_document"
 
   context "scopes" do
-
     describe "#admin" do
-
       it "returns admin documents" do
-        user_document = create(:document)
-        admin_document1 = create(:document, :admin)
-        admin_document2 = create(:document, :admin)
-        admin_document3 = create(:document, :admin)
+        admin_document = create(:document, :admin)
 
-        expect(Document.admin).to match_array [admin_document1, admin_document2, admin_document3]
+        expect(Document.admin).to eq [admin_document]
       end
 
+      it "does not return user documents" do
+        create(:document, admin: false)
+
+        expect(Document.admin).to be_empty
+      end
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/poll/voter_spec.rb b/spec/models/poll/voter_spec.rb
index 4c7e6dc62..017ec76e8 100644
--- a/spec/models/poll/voter_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/poll/voter_spec.rb
@@ -121,25 +121,29 @@ describe Poll::Voter do
 
     describe "#web" do
       it "returns voters with a web origin" do
-        voter1 = create(:poll_voter, :from_web)
-        voter2 = create(:poll_voter, :from_web)
-        voter3 = create(:poll_voter, :from_booth)
+        voter = create(:poll_voter, :from_web)
 
-        web_voters = Poll::Voter.web
+        expect(Poll::Voter.web).to eq [voter]
+      end
 
-        expect(web_voters).to match_array [voter1, voter2]
+      it "does not return voters with a booth origin" do
+        create(:poll_voter, :from_booth)
+
+        expect(Poll::Voter.web).to be_empty
       end
     end
 
     describe "#booth" do
       it "returns voters with a booth origin" do
-        voter1 = create(:poll_voter, :from_booth)
-        voter2 = create(:poll_voter, :from_booth)
-        voter3 = create(:poll_voter, :from_web)
+        voter = create(:poll_voter, :from_booth)
 
-        booth_voters = Poll::Voter.booth
+        expect(Poll::Voter.booth).to eq [voter]
+      end
 
-        expect(booth_voters).to match_array [voter1, voter2]
+      it "does not return voters with a web origin" do
+        create(:poll_voter, :from_web)
+
+        expect(Poll::Voter.booth).to be_empty
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/models/widget/card_spec.rb b/spec/models/widget/card_spec.rb
index cd563df56..b9e81f450 100644
--- a/spec/models/widget/card_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/widget/card_spec.rb
@@ -14,13 +14,17 @@ describe Widget::Card do
   end
 
   describe "#header" do
-
-    it "returns the header card" do
+    it "returns header cards" do
       header = create(:widget_card, header: true)
-      card = create(:widget_card, header: false)
 
       expect(Widget::Card.header).to eq([header])
     end
+
+    it "does not return regular cards" do
+      create(:widget_card, header: false)
+
+      expect(Widget::Card.header).to be_empty
+    end
   end
 
   describe "#body" do
diff --git a/spec/models/widget/feed_spec.rb b/spec/models/widget/feed_spec.rb
index 2d8521f70..a0bc3faa5 100644
--- a/spec/models/widget/feed_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/widget/feed_spec.rb
@@ -57,20 +57,28 @@ describe Widget::Feed do
     end
 
     describe "#processes" do
+      let(:feed) {  build(:widget_feed, kind: "processes") }
 
       it "returns open and published processes" do
         open_process1 = create(:legislation_process, :open, :published, title: "Open process 1")
         open_process2 = create(:legislation_process, :open, :published, title: "Open process 2")
         open_process3 = create(:legislation_process, :open, :published, title: "Open process 3")
         open_process4 = create(:legislation_process, :open, :published, title: "Open process 4")
-        open_process5 = create(:legislation_process, :open, :not_published, title: "Open process 5")
-        past_process = create(:legislation_process, :past, title: "Past process")
-
-        feed = build(:widget_feed, kind: "processes")
 
         expect(feed.processes).to eq([open_process4, open_process3, open_process2])
       end
 
+      it "does not return past processes" do
+        create(:legislation_process, :past)
+
+        expect(feed.processes).to be_empty
+      end
+
+      it "does not return unpublished processes" do
+        create(:legislation_process, :open, :not_published)
+
+        expect(feed.processes).to be_empty
+      end
     end
 
   end